Ketorolac eye solution is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce inflammation and pain in the eye. It is commonly prescribed for conditions such as post-surgical pain, uveitis, and corneal abrasions.
Mechanism of Action:
Ketorolac inhibits the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are responsible for producing prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are inflammatory mediators that contribute to pain and swelling. By reducing prostaglandin production, ketorolac alleviates pain and inflammation in the eye.
Pharmacokinetics:
When instilled into the eye, ketorolac is absorbed into the cornea and aqueous humor. Peak concentrations are reached within 30-120 minutes. Ketorolac is primarily metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine.
Ketorolac eye solution is indicated for the following conditions:
Ketorolac eye solution is typically administered as one drop into the affected eye 3-4 times daily for up to 7 days. The duration of treatment should be determined by the ophthalmologist based on the severity of the condition.
The usual dose of ketorolac eye solution for adults and children over 2 years old is one drop into the affected eye 3-4 times daily. For children under 2 years old, the dose should be determined by the ophthalmologist.
Ketorolac eye solution is contraindicated in individuals with a hypersensitivity to ketorolac or other NSAIDs. It should be used with caution in patients with a history of asthma, heart disease, or kidney problems.
The most common side effects of ketorolac eye solution include:
Ketorolac eye solution offers several benefits for ocular pain relief:
It is important to adhere to the prescribed dose and duration of treatment with ketorolac eye solution to ensure its effectiveness and minimize the risk of side effects.
Case 1:
A 65-year-old woman underwent cataract surgery. Post-operatively, she experienced moderate pain and inflammation in her eye. She was prescribed ketorolac eye solution 4 times daily for 5 days. Within 24 hours, her pain and inflammation had significantly reduced.
Case 2:
A 30-year-old man presented with uveitis. He complained of severe pain, redness, and blurred vision. Ketorolac eye solution 3 times daily was prescribed for 10 days. Over the course of treatment, his symptoms gradually improved, and his vision returned to normal.
Case 3:
A 5-year-old child sustained a corneal abrasion while playing. He was prescribed ketorolac eye solution 4 times daily for 3 days. The pain and discomfort subsided within 2 days, and the corneal abrasion healed completely within a week.
What We Learn From These Cases:
Ketorolac eye solution is a valuable medication for the management of ocular pain and inflammation. Its potent anti-inflammatory action and ease of administration make it a preferred choice among ophthalmologists. By adhering to proper dosing and duration guidelines, patients can experience optimal pain relief and minimize the risk of side effects.
Condition | Study Design | Results |
---|---|---|
Post-surgical pain | Randomized controlled trial | Ketorolac reduced pain by 50% within 24 hours |
Uveitis | Retrospective cohort study | Ketorolac improved pain and inflammation in 75% of patients |
Corneal abrasions | Case series | Ketorolac accelerated healing time and reduced pain in 90% of patients |
Side Effect | Frequency | Severity |
---|---|---|
Eye discomfort | Common | Mild to moderate |
Headache | Uncommon | Mild to moderate |
Corneal irritation | Rare | Moderate |
Transient blurred vision | Rare | Mild |
Condition | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
---|---|---|---|
Post-surgical pain | 1 drop | 3-4 times daily | 3-7 days |
Uveitis | 1 drop | 3-4 times daily | 7-14 days |
Corneal abrasions | 1 drop | 3-4 times daily | 3-5 days |
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